Which of the following does NOT represent a way for involuntary alienation to occur?

Involuntary alienation refers to the transfer of property ownership without the consent of the owner. This typically happens through legal processes rather than voluntary transactions.

In the context of the options provided, a private grant is a transaction that occurs voluntarily, where an owner willingly transfers their property rights to another party. This contrasts with the other choices, all of which involve circumstances that lead to transfer without the owner's direct consent:

• Death without a will often results in the property being distributed according to state laws, without the deceased's specific wishes being honored. Therefore, the property ownership passes on involuntarily.
• Tax foreclosure occurs when property is taken by the government due to unpaid taxes, again a process that does not require the property owner's agreement.
• Escheat due to abandonment refers to the government taking ownership of property when the owner has abandoned it and no heirs can be found, reinforcing the nature of involuntary transfer.

Since a private grant involves the property owner giving up their rights willingly, it clearly does not fit into the category of involuntary alienation.