Which term describes the formal process through which a will is validated?

The term that describes the formal process through which a will is validated is "Probate." This legal procedure involves several steps to ensure that the will is authentic and that the deceased's wishes are honored. During probate, the court reviews the will, identifies the deceased's assets, settles any debts, and oversees the distribution of the estate according to the terms laid out in the will. This process helps to resolve disputes that might arise among heirs or beneficiaries, providing a legal framework to enforce the stipulations of the will.

The other options do not accurately describe the formal validation of a will. For example, verification generally refers to confirming the accuracy of information or the authenticity of documents but does not specifically pertain to wills. An affidavit is a written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, typically used as evidence in legal proceedings but not a process for validating wills. Probation, in contrast, refers to a type of legal status often related to criminal justice and community supervision, not estate management. Hence, probate is the correct term for the process involving a will's validation.